Interior Terms
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Cabin
A room constructed with non-load bearing partitions with adequate provision of light and ventilation.
Cafe Curtains
This curtain fits only the lower half of the window, thus giving the room privacy and light at the same time.
Caisson
A caisson may be defined as a watertight structure made up of wood, steel or reinforced concrete, constructed in connection with excavation for foundation of bridges, piers.
Capital
In making of the columns, at their head the columns are enlarged so as to form a suitrable diameter of a particular span. This flared up portion of column head is called capital.
Casein paints
Casein is a protein substance extracted from milk curd which is mixed up with a base to form the paint which is usually available in the powder or pasty form.
Cast-in-situ piles
The piles which are cast in position inside the ground are called the cast-in-situ piles.
Cavity wall
This consists of two walls so they form a cavity in between. The outer wall is half brick width and the inner wall is sufficiently thick.
Cellulose paints
This paint is made from celluloid sheets and amyl-acetate substitutes.
Cement
Cement in broadest term means any substance which acts as a binding agent for materials. Cement as applied to contruction and engineering is produced by calcining at high temperature an intimate mixture of calcareous, siliceous and aluminous substances and crushing the resulting clinkers to a fine powder.
Cement-based paints
This is a type of water paint in which white or coloured pigment and cements form the base.
Chain Weights
This is a chain of small heavy beads encased in cotton casing used for light fabrics.
Chajja
A sloping or horizontal structural overhang usually provided over openings on external walls for protection from sun and rain.
Chamfering
It consists in takimg off the edges of a wooden members. Thus a chanfered member has a sloping or bevelled edge.
Chintz
patterns are made to imitate cotton chintz forms.
Circular stairs
These stairs are circular in nature, in this form of stairs, al the steps radiate from a newel post or well hole, in the form of winders. These are generally constructed in R.C.C, cast iron or stone.
Clere story window
This type of window is used to achieve better ventilation and cooling effect in the living or main rooms of a building which have ceiling height greater than the surrounding rooms.
Closer
It is a portion of a brick cut in such a manner that its one long face remains uncut.
Cofferdam
A cofferdam may be defined as a temporary structure constructed in a river or a lake or any other water-bearing surface for excluding water form a given site to enable the building operation to be performed on dry surface.
Cogged joint
This joint is commonly provided between wall plate and the tie beam of wooden truss where it is essential to utilize the entire depth of the wall plate for bearing the tie-beam.
Collar roof
With excessive loading conditions or increased spans the rafter of the couple closed roof tends to bend in the middle. This tendency is overcome by fixing the tie near the middle of the rafters. The truss then formed is called collar roof.
Colour washing
Colour wash is prepared by adding mineral colours (which are not affected by lime ) of desired shade to the prepared white-wash. This is applied in the same manner as white-wash.
Column
A column may be defined as an isolated vertical load bearing member the width of which is neither less than the thickness nor more than four times its thickness.
Combination Rods
A set of brackets with two or three curtain lengths. This is used to give a layered appearance for curtain and top treatments.
Combined footing
A combined footing is so proportioned that the centre of gravity of the supporting area is in line with the centre of gravity of the two column loads.
Common rafters
These are inclines wooden members laid from the ridge to the eaves.
Cleats
These are short sections of wood or steel, nailed, screwed or bolted to the rafters of thetruss for supporting purlins.
Composite masonry
Walls constructed from two or more building materials are termed as composite walls.
Composite roof triusses
Trusses built with the combination of wood and steel are termed as composite trusses.
Connectors
These are the mettalic members used for connecting timber pieces in such a way that transmission of stress from one member to another is adequately ensured.
Coping
It is a covering placed on the exposed top of an external wall. It is essentially provided to prevent the seepage of water through the joints of the topmost couse of wall.
Corbel
It is the extension of one or more courses or brick or stone from the face of a wall.
Corner window
This type of window, as the name suggests, is essentially located in the corner of a room. By use of this window it is posiible to ensure light and ventilation from two directions at right angles.
Cornice
It is a horizontal moulded projection provided near the top of a building or at the junction of a wall and ceiling.
Counter flap hinges
This type of hinges has three parts and two centres. Provision of this type of hinge enable the shutters to be folded back to back.
Couple close roof
In a coupled roof, the notches provided at the feet of the rafters prevent them from spreading, but with the time span, they spend and roof will collapse, thus to prevent this, the feet of the rafters are joined by a tie, which by holding them in position, prevents them from spreading and thrusting out of the wall. This is caled couple closed roof.
Course
A horizontal layer of bricks or stones is termed a course.
Courtyard
A space permanently open to sky, enclosed fully or partially by building and may be at ground level or any other level within or adjacent to a building.
Covered area
Ground area covered by the building immediately above plinth level. It does not include the spaces covered by some projections.
Cramped joint
The function of cramp which may be of slate or any metal, is to prevent the tendency of the joint to be pulled apart.
Crown
In arches, it is the highest point of the extrados or it is the highest part of the arch.
Curing of concrete
It is the process of keeping the set concrete continuously damo for some days in order to enable the concrete gain more strength.
Cut string
It is a stringer with its upper surface having carriages or houses accurately cut to receive the treads and risers and the lower edge being parallel to the pitch of the stair.
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